نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The presence of numerous Qur’anic verses addressing the issue of human predestination and free will has generated extensive debate among philosophers, theologians, and Islamic exegetes, leading to the formulation of diverse opinions and doctrines that have attracted significant attention from both Shiʿi and Sunni scholars. Within the Shiʿi exegetical tradition, Shaykh Ṭūsī, Ṭabarsī, and ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī represent distinct interpretive approaches to this question, while among Sunni exegetes, Ṭabarī, Zamakhsharī, Ibn Taymiyyah, Qurṭubī, Sayyid Quṭb, and Ālūsī have offered varied readings of the verses pertaining to predestination and human agency. This study undertakes a comparative examination of the concept of jabr and ikhtiyār—predestination and free will—as reflected in multiple Qur’anic verses, with specific reference to the aforementioned exegetical works. The findings indicate that attributing human actions solely to the servant results in the doctrine of absolute delegation (tafwīḍ), whereas attributing all actions exclusively to God, leaving no role for the servant, leads to determinism (jabr). Both of these represent divergent extremes; the straight path (ṣirāṭ al‑mustaqīm) consists in affirming the servant as the agent of their actions while simultaneously acknowledging that all things occur according to the divine decree.
کلیدواژهها English
